Underwater Observation and Trekking

Wide varieties of applications:

• Aquaculture
• Oil and Energy Industry
• Under water infra structure inspection
• Under water discovery
• Diver support
• Marine habitat survey
• Sub-sea cable and pipeline tracking

Since their introduction into the commercial world in 1970's,unmanned vehicles have become essential not only in the exploitation and development of deepwater oil and gas reserves - far beyond the reach of divers -but also in many other areas. Robotics technology developed primarily for the ROV industry has also been adapted for a wide range of other applications, including the space exploration and the building of the Space

An underwater remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is a mobile robot designed for aquatic work environments. Remote control is usually carried out through copper or fiber optic cables. A human operator sits in a shore-based station, boat or submarine bubble while watching a display that shows what the robot "sees." The operator can also maneuver the robot. Sophisticated underwater ROVs incorporate telepresence to give the operator a sense of being in the place of the machine.

The range of remote control for an underwater ROV is limited by several factors. Radio waves in the form of an electromagnetic field do not propagate well through water unless the frequency is so low that the bandwidth is severely limited. Such a restriction on frequency makes high data transfer rates, such as are required for transmission of full-motion video, impossible. The range of direct-beam optical communications systems is limited by lines of sight and the turbidity of the water. It's impractical to have a cable of any type longer than a few kilometers. Some researchers believe that sea mammals, notably whales, communicate underwater over distances of many kilometers using acoustic waves. For this reason, sound and ultrasound have been considered for remote control of underwater ROVs. The main problem with this mode is the low propagation speed, which translates into significant latency over long distances.